LMWHA inhibits IL-4 or IL-13-induced fibrocyte differentiation.
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Human PBMC were cultured in SFM, SFM with 1 ng/ml IL-4, SFM with 300 µg/ml LMWHA, or SFM with 1 ng/ml IL-4 and 300 µg/ml LMWHA, or SFM, SFM with 1 ng/ml IL-13, or SFM with 1 ng/ml IL-13 and 300 µg/ml LMWHA.
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Expression of markers for M2-type macrophages in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 macrophages.
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THP-1 cells treated with 320 nM PMA for 4 h, and then cultured with PMA plus 20 ng/mL interleukin -4 and 20 ng/mL IL-13 for another 20 h had significantly higher mRNA expressions of CD36 and CD163 (both markers of M2 macrophages) compared to those of M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages.
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Generation of CD163-positive M2 macrophages by IL-8.
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Healthy donor-derived monocytes were treated with M-CSF (25 ng/ml) for 5 days and then IL-4 (20 ng/ml) and IL-13 (20 ng/ml) for 2 days, or with M-CSF (25 ng/ml) for 5 days and then IL-8 (10 ng/ml) for 2 days.
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Kinetics of IL-13 response in TE-7 epithelial cells In A, the heat map represents hierarchical clustering of the fold change difference of 767 genes significantly altered by IL-13 treatment in the TE-7 cell line compared to untreated control (DESeq p < 0.05).
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In B, the Venn diagram shows the overlap of genes significantly affected by IL-13 in TE-7 cells at all assessed time points and genes differentially expressed in human esophageal biopsies of patients with active EoE (p < 0.05).
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