Immunotherapy has become one of the most promising avenues for cancer treatment, making use of the patient’s own immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Activated T cells are capable of directly recognizing antigens that are presented on the surfaces of tumour cells.Thus emerging immuno therapy technologies are now targeting activated T cells in order to identify and kill tumor cells.

The activation of T-cell immunity is primarily driven by the interaction between peptides presented by major histocompatibility complexes (pMHCs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs).TCRs are found on the surface of T-cells where they recognize protein fragments, named antigens, when these are presented by the MHC on the cell surface of antigen presenting cells.The TCR-pMHC complex consists of two components, namely the TCR and the pMHC. The MHC class I molecule is a heterodimeric glycoprotein that consists of an α chain and a β2-microglobulin chain. The α chain is composed of three globular domains named α1, α2 and α3 which are highly polymorphic, allowing the MHC variants to accommodate a diverse range of peptides of different lengths and compositions.

we are offering various pMHC complex recombinant molecules to be used in immunotherapeutic research involving activation of T cells. These pMHC recombinants may be used in T cell screening, T cell activation in the development and characterization of tumor targeting T cells.

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Browse by MHC allele

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HLA-A is a highly polymorphic gene that encodes the HLA-A protein, which is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule involved in presenting peptides to cytotoxic T cells.HLA-A has over 4,500 identified allele variants, with varying frequencies across different populations

several HLA-A alleles have been associated with an increased risk or protection against various diseases:

Autoimmune Diseases

• HLA-A*01:01 is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS)2.
• HLA-A*02:01 is protective against the development of MS, but increases the risk of autoimmune hepatitis and ankylosing spondylitis
• HLA-A*03:01 is linked to an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis

Type 1 Diabetes

• HLA-A*24:02 is linked to a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes
• HLA-A*11:01 is associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes

Other Diseases

• HLA-A*03:01 increases the risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis
• HLA-A01:01 and HLA-A24:02 are associated with an increased risk of Behçet’s disease
• HLA-A*24:02 is linked to a higher risk of autoimmune thyroid disease

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The HLA-G allele refers to a specific variant of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, specifically the HLA-G gene. HLA-G is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, which means it plays a different role compared to classical MHC class I molecules like HLA-A, -B, and -C.

HLA-G is primarily known for its immunomodulatory properties, particularly its role in immune tolerance during pregnancy and transplantation. It is expressed in various tissues, including the placenta, thymus, and immune-privileged sites like the cornea and testis

The HLA-G gene and its expression have been associated with the following diseases:

Autoimmune Diseases

• HLA-G plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system during autoimmune conditions, such as gastrointestinal, skin, rheumatic, and neurological diseases
• Multiple sclerosis (MS): soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) antigens may have a tolerogenic role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Viral Disease

• HLA-G has been implicated in the immune-escape mechanisms
• Increased levels of soluble HLA-G have been linked to higher incidence of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Visceral leishmaniasis

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HLA-E plays a role in immune regulation and immune surveillance by presenting peptides derived from other MHC class I molecules, specifically from the leader sequences of classical MHC class I molecules such as HLA-A, -B, and -C. These peptides serve as ligands for receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells.One of the key functions of HLA-E is its involvement in immune surveillance against infected or stressed cells. It interacts with inhibitory receptors on NK cells, preventing their activation and subsequent killing of healthy cells displaying self-MHC molecules. However, when cells are infected or stressed, the presentation of non-self peptides on HLA-E can trigger NK cell activation and targeted killing of these abnormal cells.

The HLA-E gene and its expression have been associated with the following diseases:

Autoimmune Diseases

• HLA-E polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
• HLA-E*01:01 was found to be realted to a reduced risk of Behçet’s disease

Viral Disease

• HLA-E01:01 (R allele) is associated with increased risk of HIV-1 infection, while HLA-E01:03 (G allele) confers protection against HIV-1.
• LA-E*01:03 is linked to higher risk of cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation in kidney transplant recipients
• HLA-E*01:01 is correlated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection